Supplements
Introduction:
Before we begin, we’d like to preface this by saying that for 90% of us, supplements are overkill. Before the word “supplement” enters our brain, we should first analyze our diet and ensure that we’re eating whole, high quality, nutritionally dense foods… and we need to stick with that diet for some time before we reanalyze our bodies and take a data point. Trade the processed foods and sugary drinks for whole veggies, lean proteins, high quality fats, and stick with it for a few months: then take a data point and recalibrate. Now, you’ve straightened out your diet, you workout regularly, take mobility seriously, and you want to make gains or push your body further. Perhaps now we should talk supplements. Before adding random stuff to your diet, consult a health care professional and listen to your body, this is an unregulated industry so it’s very important you do your research before diving in head first.
Pre-Workout:
If you’ve been on social media or walked through any gym, you’ve probably seen people chugging down a preworkout before waltzing into a WOD. The idea here is that they want to get some energy flowing so they can work out harder and faster: thereby burning more calories and breaking down more muscle to get leaner and meaner. The problem with “Pre-workouts” is that they’re generally just a massive dose of stimulants, artificial sweeteners, and Vitamin B complex that juice you up to 11. The most common stimulants found in pre-workouts are caffeine and 𝛃-alanine. We all know caffeine, but many do not know 𝛃-alanine.
Caffeine is one of the one most widely taken drugs in the world (yes, it is a drug). It does a variety of things once in our blood stream, but one of the most noticeable effects is heightened awareness. Caffeine increases the energy metabolism in the brain while at the same time it turns down the cerebral blood flow making us much more alert. It also has been shown to increase the amount of torque output at joints while performing a movement (thing squatting and measuring the torque at your knee). A typical cup of coffee will have about 80mg of caffeine in it, most pre-workouts contain upwards of 120mg of caffeine per scoop.
𝛃-alanine is a non-essential amino acid (more on those later). High concentrations of 𝛃-alanine can give you the tingles and make you feel like you have the shakes. It acts as a very strong stimulant in high doses and will increase neural activity throughout the system, sometimes in a disorienting way - depending on your sensitivities.
If you really want to have a clean pre-workout, the best approach is to have a small meal with a proportional amount of carbs, proteins, and fats. A cup of black coffee and a Vitamin B pill (specifically Vitamin B5) will give you all the stimulant kick you need to get through a brutal workout. Be cautious of overly sweet products and be wary of leaning on these instead of checking your diet and sleep cycles.
Would we recommend for every day folks? No.
Further Reading:
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1222/beta-alanine
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0040047
https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2010/12000/Effect_of_Two_Doses_of_Caffeine_on_Muscular.8.aspx
BCAAs:
BCAAs (or Broken Chain Amino Acids) are the building blocks of protein. All proteins are made of amino acids, and our body produces 11 amino acids that are categorized as non-essential because we do not need to consume food to get them. There are 20 total amino acids, the other 9 we must consume through diet, these are essential amino acids and most BCAA products target these 9 amino acids, as well as boost some of the 11 we make naturally to boost their utility in the body after strenuous workouts.
So, do they work? Well, probably not in the way you think. Most BCAA utility occurs post-workout. Taking BCAAs prior to a workout beginning will prime your body for recovery faster than taking them afterwards, quite useful if you’re doing two-a-days. They also play a role in immunoregulation and can help the immune system work through inflamed areas due to strenuous workouts, mitigating prolonged soreness and fatigue in both the muscular system and the skeletal system. That being said, we need to do our homework before throwing down $50 and chugging a bright blue, sugary drink.
There are many BCAA products on the market that don’t give you what you’re paying for. Say you need 5g of L-glutamine for Bioavailability uptake as a supplement (one of the common amino acids in BCAAs) but your drink mix only contains 1.2g of L-glutamine per scoop. That means you’ll need to take a little more than 4 scoops to get a large enough dose to have a real effect. Meanwhile, your powdered stuff probably is stuffed with artificial sweeteners, anti-caking agents, electrolytes, and other things you don’t realize you’re consuming. You really want to ensure you’re getting a high quality product, one that probably doesn’t taste very good and probably doesn’t look very pretty. Below is the ingredient list for a very popular BCAA product:
Natural and Artificial Flavoring (Natural and Artificial Flavors, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium, FD&C Yellow #6).
You see, you don’t need all of that… you’re trying to take BCAA in - not flavorings, colorings, and TWO artificial sweeteners. Find a product that does the simple thing you want it to do. And if you’re taking whey protein after a workout while taking BCAAs pre-workout, you’re probably getting too many amino acids in your intake most are going to waste. You might literally be throwing you money away, one bathroom trip at a time.
Would we recommend for every day folks? Probably not, athletes yes.
Further Reading:
https://us.myprotein.com/sports-nutrition/essential-bcaa-2-1-1/10852382.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/nonessential-amino-acid
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18974721
Whey Protein:
Perhaps the most common supplement out there: we’ll focus on whey protein for this discussion, but if you are vegan or have dietary nutrition, you may want to dig into pea proteins, hemp proteins, soy proteins, and other non-dairy, non-meat product protein supplements.
Whey protein is exactly what it sounds like, it is the protein that is extracted from the whey of milk and comes in two main varieties: isolate and concentrate. Concentrate is the more commonly occuring product, isolate is a more highly-refined product with less stuff left over (more purity). The whole idea behind taking a protein supplement is that you are giving your body the building blocks to rebuild lean muscle after strength training, thereby allowing your body to recover and get stronger faster. To do this you can intake protein immediately after a workout with a fast digesting protein (whey isolate) or you can intake protein before bed that will absorb slowly overnight (casein).
For those of us that eat a highly nutritious diet with plenty of protein (recommended 08g-1.2g per 1kg lean body weight per day) we may not need to supplement protein. For those that can’t eat that much food in a day, you may want to think of a protein supplement.
Recent studies have started to look at the total uptake and utility of protein post workout vs. consuming before bed. If you are going to take a post-workout whey protein hit, ensure it is a whey protein isolate (about 25g). If you are going to take a pre-bedtime whey protein hit, ensure it is casein (about 40g). The studies show very favorable results to muscle performance, muscle strength output, and carbohydrate utilization in the muscles. You might want to play around with this structure and have a mild protein hit after your workout (maybe 15g whey protein isolate) and ingest another protein before bed (maybe 30g casein) to take the best possible outcomes. Everyone will vary.
Would we recommend for every day folks? Eat your food first, supplement as needed.
Further Reading:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537849/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6164527/
Creatine:
Creatine might be the second most popular supplement in the fitness community, right behind whey protein. It’s been the subject of much scrutiny in the past 30 years, and due to that - there is a mountain of research on this particular supplement. First things first, read the above paragraphs on BCAAs and Pre-workouts and apply all of the same logic here (sweet, fun colored products be damned!).
Creatine monohydrate is a naturally occurring molecule in the human body, we make about 1g per day naturally and if you eat red meat you’re getting an extra boost of creatine with every meal. It’s utilized in a variety of functions throughout the body, and the one we’re most interested in is the phosphate transport system within our cells. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy molecule of our bodies, it dumps a phosphate atom which releases energy into our cells, thus allowing them to do work. The more ATP you have, the more energy you have, the more work you can do. Problem is, we don’t carry around a lot of ATP in our cells, we make it on demand. This is why you can do 10 burpees at a blistering pace and then you start tapering off… you’ve burned out your ATP reserves and now your body is burning glucose and fat to make more ATP for your cells to consume.
Creatine monohydrate has to be loaded into the body, usually at a high dose for a week (25g per day) or so, then a moderate dose to maintain levels (5g per day). It has been shown to lead to increased muscle endurance, which will lead to more work being done and more muscle damage (this is good), that will increase strength gains over time. Some studies have even speculated that after just 1 week of creatine intake, our bodies adjust our anabolic environments by upregulating certain genes… meaning we will make more ATP than we would at our normal baseline.
For the most part, all signs seem to point to creatine being a very safe, and very useful supplement for those that partake in a lot of resistance training. Everybody's body will respond differently of course, and you want to ensure you are buying a high quality, highly pure product before loading, but you might want to continue research into this. Furthermore, taking creatine with carbohydrates and protein can increase creatine uptake into the cells better than on its own.
Some renal (kidney) issues have been noted with creatine supplements, but studies have shown many of these have been from preexisting conditions that were aggravated by an increased creatinine level in the body (byproduct). For healthy individuals, there should be no issues with our kidney function. You should, however, make sure you drink plenty of water with this product, as it does cause your body to hold water.
Would we recommend for every day folks? If resistance training, sure.
Further Reading:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923012001499
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3407788/
Fish Oil:
Omega-3 fatty acids: DPA, DHA, and EPA. EPA and DHA are most commonly found in fish oil pills. This supplement has use for everybody, whether active or not. Our bodies require a variety of fatty acids to do a variety of functions throughout the body, but Omega-3 fatty acids play a particularly crucial role in heart, brain, cellular, and inflammatory health. For our vegan and vegetarian friends out there, there are a variety of Omega-3 supplements from Flaxseed, hempseed, and others that are a bit chemically different but similarly effective.
Omega-3 fatty acids do a few amazing things: they upregulate our good cholesterol (HDL) and downregulate of bad cholesterol (LDL), they downregulate our cytokines which are little proteins our body produces to aid in signaling our immune system that often lead to inflammation, they reduce the formation of triglycerides - which are the precursors to our body storing fat, and they help keep our arteries clear of blockages. Quite a cool little molecule.
For the fitness freaks, it’s not a bad idea to add this to our morning routine. It can help keep our hearts healthy, or bodies from overreacting to the pounding stimulus of resistance training, and it can help ensure that our bodies are functioning at 100% while we ask it to go above and beyond. For non-fitness freaks, fortunately all of the same benefits apply to you as well… there isn’t a real reason to not take an Omega-3 fatty acid supplement.
Now, that being said, here comes the “pay attention to what you buy” speech. To get the most out of these fatty acids, you’ll need to get upwards of 500mg per day of DHA and EPA, so read the label! Most pills come in about 125-250mg per capsule, taking 2-3 capsules will usually do it. Whatever company you’re buying from, give them a quick google, make sure they’re practicing sustainable fishing - they’ll tell you right on their website if they are… if they don’t, well then maybe find a new brand.
Would we recommend to everyday folks? Yes.
Further Reading:
https://nccih.nih.gov/health/omega3/introduction.htm#hed2
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0144828
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0144828.t002